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Message Authentication (MAC) Algorithm For The VMPC-R (RC4-like) Stream Cipher
stream cipher RC4 VMPC-R
2019/1/18
We propose an authenticated encryption scheme for the VMPC-R stream cipher. VMPC-R is an RC4-like algorithm proposed in 2013. It was created in a challenge to find a bias-free cipher within the RC4 de...
Statistical Attacks on Cookie Masking for RC4
RC4 stream cipher statistical analysis masking
2018/1/29
Levillain et al. (AsiaCCS 2015) proposed two cookie masking methods, TLS Scramble and MCookies, to counter a class of attacks on SSL/TLS in which the attacker is able to exploit its ability to obtain ...
Settling the mystery of Zr=r in RC4
Cryptanalysis KSA PRGA
2017/11/13
In this paper, using probability transition matrix, at first we revisit the work of Mantin on finding the probability distribution of RC4 permutation after the completion of KSA. After that, we extend...
The internal state of RC4 stream cipher is a permutation over ZNZN and its state transition is effectively a transposition or swapping of two elements. How the randomness of RC4 state evolves due to i...
We estimate that Spritz can produce output with about 24 cycles/byte of computation. Furthermore, our statistical tests suggest that about 281281 bytes of output are needed before one can reasonably d...
In this paper we explore the intriguing factors involved in the non one-one nature of the RC4, and explore new techniques and present interesting findings regarding the same. The first part of this pa...
Revisiting RC4 Key Collision: Faster Search Algorithm and New 22-byte Colliding Key Pairs
Colliding Pair Key Collision Near Colliding Pair
2016/12/8
If two different secret keys of a stream cipher yield the same internal state after the key scheduling algorithm (KSA) and hence generates the same sequence of keystream bits, they are called a collid...
Extracting the RC4 secret key of the Open Smart Grid Protocol
Cryptography Security RC4 Smart Grid
2016/5/17
The Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP) is a widely used industry standard for exchanging sensitive data between devices inside of smart grids. For message confidentiality, OSGP implements a customised fo...
We provide an improved complexity analysis of backtracking-based state recovery attacks on RC4 and Spritz. Comparing new estimates with known results on Spritz, our analysis shows a significantly lowe...
Analysing and Exploiting the Mantin Biases in RC4
secret-key cryptography RC4-encrypted traffic
2016/1/27
We explore the use of the Mantin biases (Mantin, Eurocrypt 2005) to recover plaintexts from RC4-encrypted traffic. We provide a more fine-grained analysis of these biases than in Mantin's original wor...
RC4 is the most widely used stream cipher around. A lot of modifications of RC4 cipher can be seen in open literature. Most of them enhance the secrecy of the cipher and the security levels have been ...
In this paper, analysis of a simply modified RC4 algorithm is presented. RC4 is the most widely used stream cipher and it is not considered as a cipher that is strong in security. Many alternatives ha...
Improving throughput of RC4 algorithm using multithreading techniques in multicore processors
Throughput of RC4 Multithreading in Encryption
2016/1/25
RC4 is the most widely used stream cipher around. So, it is important that it runs cost effectively, with minimum encryption time. In other words, it should give higher throughput. In this paper, a me...
Statistical weaknesses in 20 RC4-like algorithms and (probably) the simplest algorithm free from these weaknesses - VMPC-R
PRNG CSPRNG RC4
2016/1/23
We find statistical weaknesses in 20 RC4-like algorithms including the original RC4, RC4A, PC-RC4 and others. This is achieved using a simple statistical test. We found only one algorithm which was ...
On a new properties of number sequences ,a randomness test and a new RC4's key scheduling algorithm.
Randomness test Statistical indices RC4 key scheduling
2016/1/9
In this paper, we introduce the concept of the derivative of sequence of numbers and define
new statistical indices by which we discoverd new properties of randomly generated number
sequences. We al...